Currently, 15 African countries have concluded bilateral agreements called “Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreements” (SFPA) with the EU allowing fishing in their respective waters. However, 4 of such agreements (with Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Madagascar and Mozambique) are “dormant” as there is no implementing protocol in force setting out the criteria for fishing in their respective waters, including the modalities for issuing the relevant fishing authorisations. The consequence of this “dormant” status of the above agreements is that that EU vessels are not allowed to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of such countries.