According to the African Economic Outlook 2012, a report drafted by the African Development Bank (AfDB) in collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the UN Commission for Africa (UNECA), transport costs are 63% higher in African countries compared with developed countries. A great proportion of such cost is due to the infrastructure gap that characterises Africa, where asphalted roads are 5 times less than in developed countries, but is also caused by inefficient transit systems that are adopted in the Continent which raise the cost of movement of cargo and significantly contribute to delays at borders.