A useful way to understand why some regions industrialized faster than others is to look beyond what they produce and focus instead on how they built their productive capacity. Industrialization is not simply about factories, exports, or infrastructure. It is, at its core, a process through which economies accumulate knowledge, skills, and organizational capabilities over time. Seen from this perspective, an important difference emerges between the historical experience of much of East and South Asia and that of many African countries.



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