Least developed countries (LDCs) are low-income countries facing severe structural impediments to sustainable development. Being highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks and having low levels of human assets, they are granted with exclusive access to certain international support measures, in particular in the areas of development assistance and trade.

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Mangoes are notoriously considered as a high-risk fruit because of their attraction to fruit flies (Tephritidae). In order to be imported in the EU, the exporter has to obtain a phytosanitary document from the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) in his country (that in case of Kenya is the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service, KEPHIS). The phytosanitary certificate, which states that the fruit is pest-free, must be transmitted to the importer in the country of destination of the shipment and submitted to the phytosanitary authorities for approval.

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